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# CloudKit Sync - Visual Reference |
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## System Architecture Diagram |
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``` |
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┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ |
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│ USB Meter App │ |
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├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤ |
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│ │ |
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│ ┌──────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────────────────────┐ │ |
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│ │ Meter.swift │ │ BluetoothManager.swift │ │ |
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│ │ (UI + State) │◄────────│ (BT Communication) │ │ |
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│ └────────┬─────────┘ └─────────────────────────────────┘ │ |
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│ │ │ |
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│ │ operationalState changes │ |
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│ │ (connect/disconnect) │ |
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│ ▼ │ |
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│ ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ |
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│ │ AppData │ │ |
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│ │ (Global Sync Orchestrator) │ │ |
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│ ├────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤ │ |
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│ │ • publishMeterConnection(mac, type) │ │ |
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│ │ • clearMeterConnection(mac) │ │ |
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│ │ • reloadSettingsFromCloudStore() │ │ |
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│ │ • setupRemoteChangeNotificationObserver() │ │ |
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│ └────────┬──────────────────────────┬──────────────────────┘ │ |
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│ │ │ │ |
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│ ▼ ▼ │ |
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│ ┌────────────────┐ ┌────────────────────────┐ │ |
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│ │ CloudDeviceSettings │ │ NSManagedObjectContext │ │ |
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│ │ Store │ │ (viewContext) │ │ |
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│ │ (CR operations) │ └────────────────────────┘ │ |
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│ └────────┬──────┘ │ |
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│ │ │ |
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│ ▼ │ |
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│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ |
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│ │ NSPersistentCloudKitContainer │ │ |
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│ │ (Automatic sync layer) │ │ |
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│ ├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤ │ |
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│ │ • Detects changes │ │ |
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│ │ • Queues for CloudKit │ │ |
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│ │ • Receives remote notifications │ │ |
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│ │ • Applies merge policy │ │ |
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│ └──────────────┬──────────────────────┬────────────────┘ │ |
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│ │ │ │ |
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└────────────────┼──────────────────────┼──────────────────────┘ |
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│ │ |
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▼ ▼ |
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┌───────────────────┐ ┌──────────────────────┐ |
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│ Local SQLite DB │ │ Persistent History │ |
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│ (DeviceSettings) │ │ Journal │ |
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└───────────────────┘ └──────────────────────┘ |
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│ │ |
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└──────────┬───────────┘ |
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│ |
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┌──────────▼────────────┐ |
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│ CloudKit Framework │ |
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│ (Device background │ |
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│ process) │ |
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└──────────┬────────────┘ |
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│ |
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[Network Sync] |
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│ |
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┌──────────▼────────────┐ |
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│ iCloud Servers │ |
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│ CloudKit Database │ |
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└──────────┬────────────┘ |
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│ |
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┌──────────▼──────────────────┐ |
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│ Other Devices (iPhone, │ |
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│ iPad, Mac) on same │ |
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│ iCloud account │ |
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└─────────────────────────────┘ |
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``` |
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--- |
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## Local Write Flow (Sequence Diagram) |
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``` |
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Device A AppData Core Data CloudKit |
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│ │ │ │ |
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│─ User connects ───►│ │ │ |
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│ meter │ │ │ |
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│ │─ setConnection() ───►│ │ |
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│ │ (foreground QoS) │ │ |
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│ │ │ │ |
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│◄─ UI Updates │◄─ @Published change │ │ |
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│ (local) │ (immediate) │ │ |
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│ │ │ │ |
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│ │─ context.save() ────►│ │ |
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│ │ │ │ |
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│ │ │─ Detect change │ |
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│ │ │─ Create CKRecord │ |
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│ │ │─ Queue for sync ─►│ |
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│ │ │ │─ Network upload |
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│ │ │ │ (1-2s) |
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│ │ │ │ |
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┼────────────────────┼──────────────────────┼──────────────────┼───► [iCloud Server] |
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│ │ │ │ |
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│ (Device B receives remote change notification after ~5s) │ |
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``` |
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--- |
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## Remote Change Reception (Sequence Diagram) |
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``` |
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Device B System iOS Core Data AppData |
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│ │ │ │ |
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│ [iCloud notifies] │ │ |
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│ │ │ │ |
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│ │─ Remote change ─────►│ │ |
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│ │ notification posted │ │ |
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│ │ │ │ |
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│ │ │─ Merge changes │ |
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│ │ │ (merge policy) │ |
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│ │ │─ Save locally │ |
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│ │ │ │ |
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│ │─ NSPersistentStore ─►│─ remoteStoreDidChange() |
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│ │ RemoteChange │ │ |
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│ │ notification │ │ |
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│ │ │ │ |
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│ │ │◄─ reloadSettings() |
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│ │ │ FromCloudStore() |
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│◄─ UI updates ◄─────────────────────────────────────────────── |
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│ "Connected on │ |
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│ Device A" │ |
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``` |
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--- |
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## Connection Lock Lifecycle |
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``` |
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t=0s: Device A connects |
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┌─────────────────────────────────────┐ |
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│ connectedByDeviceID = UUID_A │ |
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│ connectedByDeviceName = "iPhone A" │ |
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│ connectedAt = 2025-03-26 10:00:00 │ |
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│ connectedExpiryAt = 10:02:00 │ ◄─ TTL = 120s |
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└─────────────────────────────────────┘ |
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│ |
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│ [CloudKit syncs] |
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▼ |
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[Device B sees connection] |
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"Meter locked by iPhone A" |
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t=60s: Device A still connected |
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(TTL still valid) |
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t=120s: Connection expires |
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┌─────────────────────────────────────┐ |
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│ connectedExpiryAt = 10:02:00 │ |
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│ now() > connectedExpiryAt ✓ │ |
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└─────────────────────────────────────┘ |
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│ |
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[Device B checks expiry] |
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│ |
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if (now > connectedExpiryAt) |
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Device B can connect! |
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``` |
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--- |
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## Merge Conflict Resolution |
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``` |
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Device A Device B |
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t=0.5s: Sets meterName t=0.6s: Sets meterName |
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"Kitchen Meter" "Charger Meter" |
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│ │ |
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▼ ▼ |
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Save & Queue Save & Queue |
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│ │ |
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└───────────┬────────────────────┘ |
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▼ |
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[Both pushed to CloudKit] |
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(Race condition) |
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CloudKit Merge Policy: |
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NSMergeByPropertyStoreTrumpMergePolicy |
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→ Latest write wins |
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Result on both devices: |
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✗ One value reverts (~1s after cloud update) |
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✓ No data loss, eventually consistent |
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``` |
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--- |
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## Rebuild Flow (v2 → v3) |
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``` |
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User launches app (v3) |
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│ |
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▼ |
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AppDelegate.didFinishLaunchingWithOptions |
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│ |
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▼ |
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rebuildCanonicalStoreIfNeeded(version: 3) |
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│ |
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├─ Check UserDefaults["cloudStoreRebuildVersion.3"] |
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│ |
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├─ if already done: |
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│ return (skip) |
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│ |
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└─ if not done: |
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│ |
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├─ Fetch all DeviceSettings records |
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│ |
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├─ Group by normalized macAddress |
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│ |
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├─ For each group: |
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│ ├─ Find "winner" (most data + most recent) |
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│ └─ Merge others INTO winner |
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│ └─ Delete duplicates |
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│ |
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├─ context.save() |
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│ (CloudKit propagates deletes) |
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│ |
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├─ UserDefaults["cloudStoreRebuildVersion.3"] = true |
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│ |
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└─ ✓ Done (won't run again) |
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``` |
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--- |
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## State Machine: Meter Connection |
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``` |
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┌─────────────────┐ |
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│ OFFLINE │ ◄──────────────────────────────┐ |
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└────────┬────────┘ │ |
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│ │ |
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advertisment heard |
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│ |
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▼ |
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┌─────────────────────────────┐ |
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│ PERIPHERAL_NOT_CONNECTED │ |
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└────────┬────────────────────┘ |
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│ |
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user clicks "Connect" |
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Meter.connect() called |
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│ |
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▼ |
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┌─────────────────────────────┐ |
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│ PERIPHERAL_CONNECTION_PD │ |
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└────────┬────────────────────┘ |
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│ |
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BT services discovered |
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│ |
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▼ |
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┌─────────────────────────────┐ |
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│ PERIPHERAL_CONNECTED │ |
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│ (appData.publishMeterConn)│ ◄─────── CloudKit SyncStart |
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└────────┬────────────────────┘ |
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│ |
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peripheral ready for commands |
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│ |
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▼ |
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┌─────────────────────────────┐ |
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│ PERIPHERAL_READY │ |
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└────────┬────────────────────┘ |
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│ |
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data request sent |
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│ |
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▼ |
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┌─────────────────────────────┐ |
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│ COMMUNICATING │ |
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└────────┬────────────────────┘ |
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│ |
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data received |
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│ |
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▼ |
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┌─────────────────────────────┐ |
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│ DATA_IS_AVAILABLE │ ──────── Cloud Polling Loop |
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└─────────────────────────────┘ (every 60s renew connection) |
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│ |
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connect lost / timeout |
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│ |
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▼ (Or clear in UI) |
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OFFLINE again |
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``` |
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--- |
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## Connection Renewal (Heartbeat) |
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``` |
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┌─────────────────────────────┐ |
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│ Meter.connect() called │ |
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│ operationalState changed │ |
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│ → .peripheralConnected │ |
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└──────────┬──────────────────┘ |
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│ |
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▼ |
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startConnectionRenewal() |
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│ |
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├─ Create timer: interval = 60s |
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│ |
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└─ repeats every 60s: |
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│ |
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├─ appData.publishMeterConnection() |
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│ (updates connectedAt + connectedExpiryAt) |
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│ |
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└─ CloudKit syncs (keeps lock alive) |
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Disconnection: |
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┌─────────────────────────────┐ |
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│ operationalState changed │ |
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│ → .offline / .notConnected │ |
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└──────────┬──────────────────┘ |
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│ |
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▼ |
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stopConnectionRenewal() |
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│ |
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├─ connectionRenewalTimer.invalidate() |
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│ |
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└─ appData.clearMeterConnection() |
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(removes connectedByDeviceID) |
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│ |
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└─ CloudKit syncs (lock released) |
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``` |
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--- |
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## Error Recovery Paths |
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``` |
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┌─────────────────────┐ |
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│ Normal Operation │ |
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└─────────────────────┘ |
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│ |
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▼ [Error: CloudKit unavailable] |
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┌──────────────────────────────┐ |
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│ Queue changes locally │ |
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│ (stored in SQLite) │ |
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└──────────────────────────────┘ |
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│ |
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▼ [Network restored] |
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┌──────────────────────────────┐ |
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│ NSPersistentCloudKit │ |
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│ resumes sync automatically │ |
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└──────────────────────────────┘ |
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│ |
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▼ |
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┌─────────────────────┐ |
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│ Back to normal │ |
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└─────────────────────┘ |
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┌─────────────────────┐ |
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│ Collision detected │ (Device A & B both edited same field) |
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└─────────────────────┘ |
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│ |
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▼ |
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┌──────────────────────────────┐ |
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│ NSMergeByPropertyStoreTrump │ |
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│ (CloudKit version wins) │ |
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└──────────────────────────────┘ |
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│ |
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└─ User sees local change revert ~1s after |
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cloud update arrives (rare, acceptable) |
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``` |
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