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Bogdan Timofte
authored
2 weeks ago
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# Adapter
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## Definition
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An **adapter** is a software component that translates data between an external system or device and the internal MQTT semantic bus used in the infrastructure.
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The primary role of the adapter is to **normalize heterogeneous protocols, topic structures, and payload formats** into the canonical structure used by the system.
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Adapters do not implement business logic, automation rules, aggregation, or storage. Their responsibility is strictly limited to protocol translation and semantic normalization.
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Shared payload, metadata, quality, and operational namespace rules are defined in `mqtt_contract.md` and `sys_bus.md`.
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Practical Node-RED conventions and worked examples are documented in `adapter_implementation_examples.md`.
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---
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## Purpose
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In a heterogeneous environment (Zigbee, Tasmota, SNMP, Modbus, MikroTik APIs, custom firmware, etc.), devices publish data using incompatible conventions:
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- different topic hierarchies
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- different payload formats (numeric, text, JSON)
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- inconsistent naming
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- missing timestamps
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- device‑specific semantics
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Adapters isolate these differences and expose a **stable internal MQTT bus contract**.
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---
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## Architectural Position
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Adapters operate at the ingress boundary of the system.
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Pipeline:
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Device / External System
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↓
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Vendor / Protocol Topics
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↓
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Adapter
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↓
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Canonical MQTT Bus
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↓
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Consumers (HomeKit, historian, automation, analytics)
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---
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## Responsibilities
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An adapter may perform the following transformations:
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1. Topic translation to bus contracts
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Example:
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zigbee2mqtt/bedroom_sensor/temperature
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↓
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vad/home/bedroom/temperature/bedroom-sensor/value
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2. Payload normalization
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Examples:
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"23.4" → 23.4
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{"temperature":23.4}
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↓
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23.4
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3. Timestamp handling
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If the device provides an observation timestamp, the adapter must preserve it.
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If the device does not provide timestamps, the adapter may attach ingestion time.
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4. Unit normalization
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Example:
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°F → °C
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5. Identity normalization
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Adapters map vendor identifiers to canonical IDs used by bus contracts.
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6. Stream mapping
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Adapters must route data to valid streams (`value`, `last`, `set`, `meta`, `availability`) according to bus rules. Legacy `state` and `event` topics remain compatibility-only during migration and SHOULD NOT be introduced by new adapters.
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7. Historian policy projection
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Adapters should publish enough retained `meta` for historian workers to ingest canonical topics without knowing vendor semantics.
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---
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## Internal Models vs MQTT Output
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Adapters MAY construct richer internal objects during normalization.
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Example internal normalization shape:
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```json
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{
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"sourcePayload": {
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"temperature": 23.6,
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"battery": 91
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},
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"normalizedLocation": "bedroom",
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"capability": "temperature",
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"deviceId": "bedroom-sensor",
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"stream": "value"
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}
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```
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Rule:
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- these structures MUST be ephemeral and limited to the normalization stage
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- they MUST remain local to the normalization stage and MUST NOT be attached to the `msg` object that continues through the hot-path pipeline
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- once normalization is complete, the adapter MUST publish MQTT-ready messages as early as possible
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- before publishing to MQTT, the adapter MUST reduce the message to the canonical MQTT-ready form
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- consumers on the semantic bus MUST NOT need to understand adapter-specific fields
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At the publish boundary, the message SHOULD contain only:
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- `msg.topic`
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- `msg.payload`
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- `msg.qos` when QoS is not configured statically on the MQTT node
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- `msg.retain` when retain is not configured statically on the MQTT node
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Adapters MUST NOT publish rich internal envelopes such as:
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```json
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{
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"topic": "vad/home/bedroom/temperature/bedroom-sensor/value",
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"payload": 23.6,
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"mapping": {
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"source_field": "temperature"
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},
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"normalizedBus": {
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"bus": "home",
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"stream": "value"
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},
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"sourcePayload": {
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"temperature": 23.6,
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"battery": 91
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},
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"internalContext": {
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"location": "bedroom"
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}
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}
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```
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Those fields may exist inside adapter logic, but MUST be removed before publish.
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---
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## Fan-Out Pattern
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Many ingress protocols emit a single inbound payload containing multiple metrics.
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Examples:
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- Zigbee2MQTT
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- Modbus pollers
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- SNMP collectors
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Adapters SHOULD normalize those payloads using fan-out:
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1 inbound message
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↓
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multiple canonical MQTT messages
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Example inbound payload:
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```json
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{
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"temperature": 23.4,
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"humidity": 41
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}
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```
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Canonical adapter output:
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- `vad/home/bedroom/temperature/bedroom-sensor/value` -> `23.4`
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- `vad/home/bedroom/humidity/bedroom-sensor/value` -> `41`
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Rule:
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- each emitted message MUST be independent and minimal
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- fan-out SHOULD produce canonical MQTT-ready outputs directly rather than forwarding one rich `msg` object through multiple downstream stages
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- metadata for each emitted metric belongs on the corresponding retained `meta` topic
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---
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## Multi‑Bus Capability Projection
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Some physical devices expose multiple capabilities that belong to **different semantic domains**. In such cases an adapter may project different aspects of the same device onto different buses.
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A common example is a **smart socket (smart plug)** which provides both:
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- a controllable power switch
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- energy measurement (power or accumulated energy)
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These capabilities belong to different semantic models:
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- switching is part of the **home automation model**
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- energy measurement is part of the **energy telemetry model**
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An adapter may therefore publish different streams derived from the same device to different buses.
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Example:
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Home bus (control semantics):
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vad/home/living-room/power/tv/value
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vad/home/living-room/power/tv/set
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Energy bus (load telemetry):
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vad/energy/load/living-room-entertainment/active_power/value
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vad/energy/load/living-room-entertainment/energy_total/value
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In this situation the adapter performs a **capability projection**, exposing each capability in the semantic domain where it belongs.
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This approach prevents the spatial model of the home (`home` bus) from becoming coupled to the electrical topology represented by the `energy` bus, while still allowing a single physical device to participate in both domains.
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Rule:
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- projection across buses is allowed
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- semantic duplication inside one bus should be avoided
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- the same source field must not be published to multiple semantic meanings without an explicit reason
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---
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## Explicit Non‑Responsibilities
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Adapters must NOT:
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- implement HomeKit logic
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- implement automation rules
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- aggregate multiple sensors
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- perform anomaly detection
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- store historical data
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These functions belong to other components in the system.
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---
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## Node-RED Execution Guidelines
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Because adapters are implemented in Node-RED, the following constraints apply:
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- Node-RED hot paths are not optimized for large per-message object graphs
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- prefer deterministic `change`/`switch` mapping before custom `function` logic
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- centralize topic and metric mapping in reusable subflows
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- minimize per-message allocations on hot paths
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- avoid large nested objects and rich per-message envelopes
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- avoid heavy per-message JSON transform on high-rate telemetry
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- use scalar payload on hot `value` streams and publish metadata on retained `meta`
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- use retained `last` for cold-start samples that need timestamp/freshness evaluation
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- keep live `value` streams lightweight and deduplicated where appropriate
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---
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## Consumer Adapters and Dynamic Subscriptions
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Not all adapters are ingress adapters.
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In practice, the system also includes consumer adapters that subscribe to canonical bus topics and project them into a downstream model such as HomeKit.
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Examples:
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- Device -> Protocol Adapter -> MQTT Bus
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- MQTT Bus -> HomeKit Adapter -> HomeKit
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Consumer adapters SHOULD follow these rules:
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- consume only canonical bus topics
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- keep consumer-specific logic out of the ingress adapter
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- use retained `last` for bootstrap when startup state matters
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- continue on live `value` after bootstrap
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- unsubscribe from `last` only after bootstrap completeness is explicitly satisfied
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Practical recommendation:
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- if a Node-RED adapter node has a dedicated output for controlling a dynamic `mqtt in`, keep that control output as the last output when possible
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This keeps semantic outputs stable and reduces rewiring churn.
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---
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## Dedicated MQTT Session Rule for Retained Bootstrap
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If a consumer adapter depends on retained `last` for deterministic cold start, it SHOULD use a dedicated MQTT client session.
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In Node-RED this means:
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- create a dedicated `mqtt-broker` config node for that dynamic `mqtt in`
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- do not share the same broker config with unrelated static or dynamic subscribers when retained bootstrap must be isolated
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Reason:
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- broker config nodes represent shared MQTT client sessions
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- retained replay behavior is coupled to subscribe operations inside that session
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- shared sessions make lifecycle-sensitive bootstrap behavior difficult to reason about
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Observed failure mode:
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- a static subscriber receives retained `last`
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- a dynamic consumer using the same broker config subscribes later
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- the consumer does not observe retained bootstrap deterministically
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- later live updates republish `last`, masking the real issue
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Rule:
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- live-only telemetry consumers MAY share a broker config
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- consumers that rely on retained bootstrap SHOULD NOT
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---
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## Dynamic `mqtt in` Control Recommendations
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For Node-RED dynamic `mqtt in`, adapter control messages SHOULD remain simple and explicit.
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Preferred pattern:
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- one `subscribe` message per topic
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- one `unsubscribe` message per topic
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Example:
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```json
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{
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"action": "subscribe",
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"topic": "vad/home/balcon/+/south/last",
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"qos": 2,
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"rh": 0,
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"rap": true
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}
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```
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```json
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{
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"action": "subscribe",
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"topic": "vad/home/balcon/+/south/value",
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"qos": 2,
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"rh": 0,
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"rap": true
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}
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```
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Recommendation:
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- prefer separate control messages over multi-topic control payloads unless the exact runtime behavior has been verified on the target Node-RED version
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See `adapter_implementation_examples.md` for the full flow pattern and debugging guidance.
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- allow `last` to update whenever the latest observation timestamp changes, even if the scalar value is unchanged
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- publish MQTT-ready messages as early as possible once normalization is complete
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- keep temporary normalization structures in local variables or node-local context, not on forwarded `msg` objects
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- delete temporary normalization fields before the MQTT publish node
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- keep MQTT subscriptions narrow (avoid global `#` on hot pipelines)
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- include error routing for malformed input and unknown mapping cases
|
|
|
364
|
|
|
|
365
|
Hot-path rule:
|
|
|
366
|
|
|
|
367
|
- the semantic bus is not a debugging channel
|
|
|
368
|
- adapters should emit MQTT-ready messages as the semantic boundary
|
|
|
369
|
- adapter internals belong in transient Node-RED state or under operational `sys` topics, not on bus payloads
|
|
|
370
|
|
|
|
371
|
Recommended final publish stage:
|
|
|
372
|
|
|
|
373
|
```javascript
|
|
|
374
|
return {
|
|
|
375
|
topic: normalizedTopic,
|
|
|
376
|
payload: normalizedValue
|
|
|
377
|
};
|
|
|
378
|
```
|
|
|
379
|
|
|
|
380
|
If an existing `msg` object must be reused:
|
|
|
381
|
|
|
|
382
|
```javascript
|
|
|
383
|
msg.topic = normalizedTopic;
|
|
|
384
|
msg.payload = normalizedValue;
|
|
|
385
|
|
|
|
386
|
delete msg.internal;
|
|
|
387
|
delete msg.internalContext;
|
|
|
388
|
delete msg.mapping;
|
|
|
389
|
delete msg.normalizedBus;
|
|
|
390
|
delete msg.sourcePayload;
|
|
|
391
|
|
|
|
392
|
return msg;
|
|
|
393
|
```
|
|
|
394
|
|
|
|
395
|
Operational requirement:
|
|
|
396
|
|
|
|
397
|
- malformed or unmappable messages SHOULD be published to `<site>/sys/adapter/<adapter_id>/dlq`
|
|
|
398
|
- adapter faults SHOULD be published to `<site>/sys/adapter/<adapter_id>/error`
|
|
|
399
|
- adapter liveness SHOULD be exposed on `<site>/sys/adapter/<adapter_id>/availability`
|
|
|
400
|
- adapter diagnostics and counters SHOULD be published to `<site>/sys/adapter/<adapter_id>/stats`
|
|
|
401
|
|
|
|
402
|
See `sys_bus.md` for the shared contract of these operational topics.
|
|
|
403
|
|
|
|
404
|
Operational recommendation:
|
|
|
405
|
|
|
|
406
|
- one ingress flow per protocol
|
|
|
407
|
- one shared normalization subflow per bus contract
|
|
|
408
|
- one egress flow for publish, with QoS/retain set per stream policy
|
|
|
409
|
|
|
|
410
|
|
|
|
411
|
## Mapping Registry
|
|
|
412
|
|
|
|
413
|
Adapters should be driven by declarative mapping data wherever possible.
|
|
|
414
|
|
|
|
415
|
Recommended mapping fields:
|
|
|
416
|
|
|
|
417
|
- `source_system`
|
|
|
418
|
- `source_topic_match`
|
|
|
419
|
- `source_field`
|
|
|
420
|
- `target_bus`
|
|
|
421
|
- `target_location` or `target_entity_id`
|
|
|
422
|
- `target_capability` or `target_metric`
|
|
|
423
|
- `target_device_id`
|
|
|
424
|
- `stream`
|
|
|
425
|
- `payload_profile`
|
|
|
426
|
- `unit`
|
|
|
427
|
- `historian_enabled`
|
|
|
428
|
- `historian_mode`
|
|
|
429
|
|
|
|
430
|
Example mapping entry for a Zigbee room sensor:
|
|
|
431
|
|
|
|
432
|
```json
|
|
|
433
|
{
|
|
|
434
|
"source_system": "zigbee2mqtt",
|
|
|
435
|
"source_topic_match": "zigbee2mqtt/bedroom_sensor",
|
|
|
436
|
"source_field": "temperature",
|
|
|
437
|
"target_bus": "home",
|
|
|
438
|
"target_location": "bedroom",
|
|
|
439
|
"target_capability": "temperature",
|
|
|
440
|
"target_device_id": "bedroom-sensor",
|
|
|
441
|
"stream": "value",
|
|
|
442
|
"payload_profile": "scalar",
|
|
|
443
|
"unit": "C",
|
|
|
444
|
"historian_enabled": true,
|
|
|
445
|
"historian_mode": "sample"
|
|
|
446
|
}
|
|
|
447
|
```
|
|
|
448
|
|
|
|
449
|
This keeps normalization logic deterministic and reviewable.
|
|
|
450
|
|
|
|
451
|
---
|
|
|
452
|
|
|
|
453
|
## Types of Adapters
|
|
|
454
|
|
|
|
455
|
Adapters are typically organized by protocol or subsystem.
|
|
|
456
|
|
|
|
457
|
Examples:
|
|
|
458
|
|
|
|
459
|
zigbee_adapter
|
|
|
460
|
|
|
|
461
|
Transforms Zigbee2MQTT topics into the canonical bus structure.
|
|
|
462
|
|
|
|
463
|
network_adapter
|
|
|
464
|
|
|
|
465
|
Transforms SNMP / router telemetry into the network bus.
|
|
|
466
|
|
|
|
467
|
energy_adapter
|
|
|
468
|
|
|
|
469
|
Normalizes inverter, meter, and battery telemetry.
|
|
|
470
|
|
|
|
471
|
vehicle_adapter
|
|
|
472
|
|
|
|
473
|
Normalizes EV charger and vehicle telemetry.
|
|
|
474
|
|
|
|
475
|
|
|
|
476
|
## Zigbee2MQTT Adapter Guidance
|
|
|
477
|
|
|
|
478
|
Zigbee2MQTT is expected to be one of the first major ingress sources for the new broker, so its projection rules should be explicit.
|
|
|
479
|
|
|
|
480
|
Source shape:
|
|
|
481
|
|
|
|
482
|
- base telemetry topic: `zigbee2mqtt/<friendly_name>`
|
|
|
483
|
- availability topic: `zigbee2mqtt/<friendly_name>/availability`
|
|
|
484
|
- payload: JSON object with one or more capability fields
|
|
|
485
|
|
|
|
486
|
Normalization rules:
|
|
|
487
|
|
|
|
488
|
- one inbound Z2M JSON payload may fan out into multiple canonical MQTT publications
|
|
|
489
|
- friendly names SHOULD follow the deterministic naming convention defined below so canonical IDs and locations can be derived directly from the topic path
|
|
|
490
|
- vendor names and IEEE addresses MUST be preserved in `meta.source_ref`, not exposed in canonical topic paths
|
|
|
491
|
- measurements, booleans, enums, and transition-like signals map to live `value`
|
|
|
492
|
- adapters SHOULD use `meta.historian.mode` to label whether a `value` stream is semantically a `sample`, `state`, or `event`
|
|
|
493
|
- adapters SHOULD deduplicate hot `value` publications when the semantic value did not change
|
|
|
494
|
- adapters SHOULD update retained `last` whenever the latest observed timestamp changes, even if the scalar value is unchanged
|
|
|
495
|
|
|
|
496
|
Recommended initial Z2M field mapping:
|
|
|
497
|
|
|
|
498
|
- `temperature` -> `home/.../temperature/.../value`
|
|
|
499
|
- `humidity` -> `home/.../humidity/.../value`
|
|
|
500
|
- `pressure` -> `home/.../pressure/.../value`
|
|
|
501
|
- `illuminance` -> `home/.../illuminance/.../value`
|
|
|
502
|
- `contact` -> `home/.../contact/.../value`
|
|
|
503
|
- `occupancy` from PIR devices -> `home/.../motion/.../value`
|
|
|
504
|
- `presence` from mmWave devices with `fading_time=0` -> `home/.../motion/.../value`
|
|
|
505
|
- `battery` -> `home/.../battery/.../value`
|
|
|
506
|
- `state` on smart plugs or switches -> `home/.../power/.../value`
|
|
|
507
|
- `power`, `energy`, `voltage`, `current` on smart plugs -> `energy/.../.../.../value`
|
|
|
508
|
- `action` -> `home/.../button/.../value`
|
|
|
509
|
|
|
|
510
|
mmWave presence handling:
|
|
|
511
|
|
|
|
512
|
- if a mmWave device emits `presence` while `fading_time=0`, adapters SHOULD treat it as raw motion detection and publish `motion`, not `presence`
|
|
|
513
|
- device-level `presence` SHOULD usually be derived above the adapter layer through fusion or higher-level logic
|
|
|
514
|
- adapters MAY publish `presence/.../value` directly only when the device is intentionally configured to expose held presence semantics, for example with non-zero `fading_time`
|
|
|
515
|
|
|
|
516
|
Fields that SHOULD NOT go to `home` by default:
|
|
|
517
|
|
|
|
518
|
- `linkquality`
|
|
|
519
|
- transport diagnostics
|
|
|
520
|
- adapter-local counters
|
|
|
521
|
|
|
|
522
|
Those belong on `sys` or a future `network` bus.
|
|
|
523
|
|
|
|
524
|
## Zigbee2MQTT Topic Structure for Deterministic Adapter Translation
|
|
|
525
|
|
|
|
526
|
In Zigbee2MQTT the primary telemetry topic structure is:
|
|
|
527
|
|
|
|
528
|
`zigbee2mqtt/<friendly_name>`
|
|
|
529
|
|
|
|
530
|
The MQTT prefix is controlled by the Zigbee2MQTT `base_topic` configuration parameter.
|
|
|
531
|
|
|
|
532
|
Default:
|
|
|
533
|
|
|
|
534
|
`zigbee2mqtt`
|
|
|
535
|
|
|
|
536
|
Zigbee2MQTT allows the `/` character inside `friendly_name`, which means the MQTT topic hierarchy can be controlled by the device name itself.
|
|
|
537
|
|
|
|
538
|
Example:
|
|
|
539
|
|
|
|
540
|
- friendly name: `kitchen/floor_light`
|
|
|
541
|
- resulting topic: `zigbee2mqtt/kitchen/floor_light`
|
|
|
542
|
|
|
|
543
|
This project uses that feature intentionally to encode semantic information directly into the Zigbee2MQTT topic path.
|
|
|
544
|
|
|
|
545
|
For Zigbee devices in this repository, the `friendly_name` MUST use the following structure:
|
|
|
546
|
|
|
|
547
|
`<device_type>/<site>/<location>/<device_id>`
|
|
|
548
|
|
|
|
549
|
Example:
|
|
|
550
|
|
|
|
551
|
- friendly name: `ZG-204ZV/vad/balcon/south`
|
|
|
552
|
- resulting topic: `zigbee2mqtt/ZG-204ZV/vad/balcon/south`
|
|
|
553
|
|
|
|
554
|
Segment meaning:
|
|
|
555
|
|
|
|
556
|
- `device_type`: hardware model or device class
|
|
|
557
|
- `site`: canonical site identifier
|
|
|
558
|
- `location`: canonical room/location identifier
|
|
|
559
|
- `device_id`: logical endpoint identifier within the location
|
|
|
560
|
|
|
|
561
|
### Adapter Translation Rationale
|
|
|
562
|
|
|
|
563
|
Structuring Zigbee2MQTT topics this way allows adapters to perform deterministic translation without lookup tables.
|
|
|
564
|
|
|
|
565
|
Example inbound topic:
|
|
|
566
|
|
|
|
567
|
`zigbee2mqtt/ZG-204ZV/vad/balcon/south`
|
|
|
568
|
|
|
|
569
|
Example payload:
|
|
|
570
|
|
|
|
571
|
```json
|
|
|
572
|
{ "illuminance": 704 }
|
|
|
573
|
```
|
|
|
574
|
|
|
|
575
|
Adapter output:
|
|
|
576
|
|
|
|
577
|
`vad/home/balcon/illuminance/south/value`
|
|
|
578
|
|
|
|
579
|
The adapter only needs to split the topic path and map payload fields to capabilities.
|
|
|
580
|
|
|
|
581
|
This aligns directly with the home bus contract defined in `home_bus.md`:
|
|
|
582
|
|
|
|
583
|
`<site>/home/<location>/<capability>/<device_id>/<stream>`
|
|
|
584
|
|
|
|
585
|
Example:
|
|
|
586
|
|
|
|
587
|
`vad/home/balcon/illuminance/south/value`
|
|
|
588
|
|
|
|
589
|
The Zigbee2MQTT topic structure intentionally mirrors the dimensions required by the semantic home bus grammar.
|
|
|
590
|
|
|
|
591
|
### Naming Rules
|
|
|
592
|
|
|
|
593
|
- `device_type` should correspond to the hardware model when possible
|
|
|
594
|
- `location` must match canonical location identifiers used by the home bus
|
|
|
595
|
- `device_id` must be unique within the location
|
|
|
596
|
- identifiers must follow MQTT naming rules defined in `mqtt_contract.md`
|
|
|
597
|
- identifiers should use lowercase kebab-case where possible
|
|
|
598
|
|
|
|
599
|
This approach removes location mapping tables from adapters, enables deterministic topic parsing, simplifies Node-RED flows, and allows wildcard subscriptions by device type.
|
|
|
600
|
|
|
|
601
|
Useful subscriptions:
|
|
|
602
|
|
|
|
603
|
- `zigbee2mqtt/+/+/+/+`
|
|
|
604
|
- `zigbee2mqtt/ZG-204ZV/#`
|
|
|
605
|
|
|
|
606
|
## Adapter Auto-Provisioning from Source Topics
|
|
|
607
|
|
|
|
608
|
The purpose of this section is to define how adapters automatically derive canonical MQTT bus topics from source topics without requiring a static mapping table.
|
|
|
609
|
|
|
|
610
|
The design goal is to keep adapters deterministic and lightweight while allowing configuration overrides for exceptional cases.
|
|
|
611
|
|
|
|
612
|
### Principle
|
|
|
613
|
|
|
|
614
|
Adapters SHOULD attempt to derive semantic dimensions directly from the inbound topic structure.
|
|
|
615
|
|
|
|
616
|
For Zigbee2MQTT the expected inbound topic format is:
|
|
|
617
|
|
|
|
618
|
`zigbee2mqtt/<device_type>/<site>/<location>/<device_id>`
|
|
|
619
|
|
|
|
620
|
Adapters MUST parse the topic segments and attempt to infer:
|
|
|
621
|
|
|
|
622
|
- source system
|
|
|
623
|
- device type
|
|
|
624
|
- site
|
|
|
625
|
- location
|
|
|
626
|
- device identifier
|
|
|
627
|
|
|
|
628
|
These values are then used to construct canonical bus topics.
|
|
|
629
|
|
|
|
630
|
Example inbound topic:
|
|
|
631
|
|
|
|
632
|
`zigbee2mqtt/ZG-204ZV/vad/balcon/south`
|
|
|
633
|
|
|
|
634
|
Parsed dimensions:
|
|
|
635
|
|
|
|
636
|
- `source = zigbee2mqtt`
|
|
|
637
|
- `device_type = ZG-204ZV`
|
|
|
638
|
- `site = vad`
|
|
|
639
|
- `location = balcon`
|
|
|
640
|
- `device_id = south`
|
|
|
641
|
|
|
|
642
|
Example inbound payload:
|
|
|
643
|
|
|
|
644
|
```json
|
|
|
645
|
{ "illuminance": 704 }
|
|
|
646
|
```
|
|
|
647
|
|
|
|
648
|
Adapter output:
|
|
|
649
|
|
|
|
650
|
`vad/home/balcon/illuminance/south/value`
|
|
|
651
|
|
|
|
652
|
### Provisioning Algorithm
|
|
|
653
|
|
|
|
654
|
Adapters SHOULD follow the following processing order:
|
|
|
655
|
|
|
|
656
|
1. Parse topic segments.
|
|
|
657
|
2. Attempt direct semantic mapping.
|
|
|
658
|
3. Apply configuration overrides.
|
|
|
659
|
4. Apply default values if required fields are missing.
|
|
|
660
|
|
|
|
661
|
This ensures deterministic behavior while allowing controlled deviations.
|
|
|
662
|
|
|
|
663
|
### Configuration Overrides
|
|
|
664
|
|
|
|
665
|
Adapters MUST support a configuration object allowing explicit overrides.
|
|
|
666
|
|
|
|
667
|
Overrides allow correcting cases where the inbound topic does not match the canonical semantic model.
|
|
|
668
|
|
|
|
669
|
Example override configuration:
|
|
|
670
|
|
|
|
671
|
```json
|
|
|
672
|
{
|
|
|
673
|
"location_map": {
|
|
|
674
|
"balcony": "balcon"
|
|
|
675
|
},
|
|
|
676
|
"bus_override": {
|
|
|
677
|
"power": "energy"
|
|
|
678
|
},
|
|
|
679
|
"device_id_map": {
|
|
|
680
|
"south": "radar-south"
|
|
|
681
|
}
|
|
|
682
|
}
|
|
|
683
|
```
|
|
|
684
|
|
|
|
685
|
Override categories:
|
|
|
686
|
|
|
|
687
|
- `location_map`
|
|
|
688
|
Maps inbound location identifiers to canonical location identifiers.
|
|
|
689
|
- `bus_override`
|
|
|
690
|
Overrides which semantic bus a capability should be published to.
|
|
|
691
|
- `device_id_map`
|
|
|
692
|
Renames device identifiers when canonical IDs differ from source IDs.
|
|
|
693
|
|
|
|
694
|
### Default Values
|
|
|
695
|
|
|
|
696
|
If a semantic dimension cannot be derived from the topic and no override exists, adapters MUST fall back to defaults.
|
|
|
697
|
|
|
|
698
|
Recommended defaults:
|
|
|
699
|
|
|
|
700
|
- `site = configured adapter site id`
|
|
|
701
|
- `bus = home`
|
|
|
702
|
- `location = unknown`
|
|
|
703
|
- `device_id = device_type`
|
|
|
704
|
- `stream = value`
|
|
|
705
|
|
|
|
706
|
Example fallback result:
|
|
|
707
|
|
|
|
708
|
`vad/home/unknown/temperature/ZG-204ZV/value`
|
|
|
709
|
|
|
|
710
|
These defaults ensure the adapter continues operating even when topic information is incomplete.
|
|
|
711
|
|
|
|
712
|
### Node-RED Implementation Guidance
|
|
|
713
|
|
|
|
714
|
Adapters implemented in Node-RED SHOULD:
|
|
|
715
|
|
|
|
716
|
- parse topic segments using deterministic split logic
|
|
|
717
|
- apply overrides via a centralized configuration object
|
|
|
718
|
- avoid dynamic lookup tables in hot paths
|
|
|
719
|
- emit canonical MQTT topics as early as possible
|
|
|
720
|
- publish malformed or unmappable inputs to:
|
|
|
721
|
|
|
|
722
|
`<site>/sys/adapter/<adapter_id>/dlq`
|
|
|
723
|
|
|
|
724
|
Adapter errors SHOULD be published to:
|
|
|
725
|
|
|
|
726
|
`<site>/sys/adapter/<adapter_id>/error`
|
|
|
727
|
|
|
|
728
|
This keeps semantic bus traffic deterministic while still exposing operational diagnostics.
|
|
|
729
|
|
|
|
730
|
### Architectural Rationale
|
|
|
731
|
|
|
|
732
|
Automatic provisioning from topic structure provides several advantages:
|
|
|
733
|
|
|
|
734
|
- eliminates large static mapping tables
|
|
|
735
|
- allows new devices to appear without manual configuration
|
|
|
736
|
- keeps Node-RED adapter logic simple
|
|
|
737
|
- keeps canonical bus structure predictable
|
|
|
738
|
- allows targeted overrides only when necessary
|
|
|
739
|
|
|
|
740
|
This approach maintains the principle that adapters perform normalization rather than interpretation.
|
|
|
741
|
|
|
|
742
|
|
|
|
743
|
## Historian Testability
|
|
|
744
|
|
|
|
745
|
Adapters should support a replay-friendly execution model so historian testing does not depend on live device timing.
|
|
|
746
|
|
|
|
747
|
Recommended modes:
|
|
|
748
|
|
|
|
749
|
- live consume from vendor topics
|
|
|
750
|
- replay recorded vendor fixtures
|
|
|
751
|
- synthetic generate canonical samples
|
|
|
752
|
|
|
|
753
|
For historian bootstrap, adapters SHOULD be able to emit:
|
|
|
754
|
|
|
|
755
|
- retained `last` for streams that must support cold start from the bus
|
|
|
756
|
- retained `meta`
|
|
|
757
|
- retained `availability`
|
|
|
758
|
- realistic live `value` traffic together with retained `last`
|
|
|
759
|
- dual projection for devices such as smart plugs
|
|
|
760
|
|
|
|
761
|
---
|
|
|
762
|
|
|
|
763
|
## Relationship with HomeKit
|
|
|
764
|
|
|
|
765
|
HomeKit integration is implemented through a **separate adapter layer** that consumes the canonical MQTT bus.
|
|
|
766
|
|
|
|
767
|
Pipeline:
|
|
|
768
|
|
|
|
769
|
Device → Protocol Adapter → MQTT Bus → HomeKit Adapter → HomeKit
|
|
|
770
|
|
|
|
771
|
This separation prevents HomeKit constraints from leaking into protocol translation logic.
|
|
|
772
|
|
|
|
773
|
---
|
|
|
774
|
|
|
|
775
|
## Design Principles
|
|
|
776
|
|
|
|
777
|
Adapters should follow several key principles:
|
|
|
778
|
|
|
|
779
|
1. Deterministic behavior
|
|
|
780
|
|
|
|
781
|
The same input must always produce the same output.
|
|
|
782
|
|
|
|
783
|
2. Stateless processing
|
|
|
784
|
|
|
|
785
|
Adapters should avoid maintaining internal state unless strictly required.
|
|
|
786
|
|
|
|
787
|
3. Minimal transformation
|
|
|
788
|
|
|
|
789
|
Adapters should only normalize data, not reinterpret it.
|
|
|
790
|
|
|
|
791
|
4. Idempotent operation
|
|
|
792
|
|
|
|
793
|
Repeated messages should not produce inconsistent system state.
|
|
|
794
|
|
|
|
795
|
5. Contract-first mapping
|
|
|
796
|
|
|
|
797
|
Adapters must validate outgoing topics against the target bus grammar.
|
|
|
798
|
|
|
|
799
|
6. Low-overhead runtime
|
|
|
800
|
|
|
|
801
|
Adapter behavior should minimize CPU and memory cost in Node-RED hot paths.
|
|
|
802
|
|
|
|
803
|
7. Operational transparency
|
|
|
804
|
|
|
|
805
|
Adapter failures must be observable without inspecting raw vendor topics.
|
|
|
806
|
|
|
|
807
|
---
|
|
|
808
|
|
|
|
809
|
## Example
|
|
|
810
|
|
|
|
811
|
Vendor message:
|
|
|
812
|
|
|
|
813
|
Topic:
|
|
|
814
|
|
|
|
815
|
zigbee2mqtt/bedroom_sensor
|
|
|
816
|
|
|
|
817
|
Payload:
|
|
|
818
|
|
|
|
819
|
{
|
|
|
820
|
"temperature": 23.4,
|
|
|
821
|
"humidity": 41
|
|
|
822
|
}
|
|
|
823
|
|
|
|
824
|
Adapter output:
|
|
|
825
|
|
|
|
826
|
Topic:
|
|
|
827
|
|
|
|
828
|
vad/home/bedroom/temperature/bedroom-sensor/value
|
|
|
829
|
|
|
|
830
|
Payload:
|
|
|
831
|
|
|
|
832
|
23.4
|
|
|
833
|
|
|
|
834
|
and
|
|
|
835
|
|
|
|
836
|
Topic:
|
|
|
837
|
|
|
|
838
|
vad/home/bedroom/humidity/bedroom-sensor/value
|
|
|
839
|
|
|
|
840
|
Payload:
|
|
|
841
|
|
|
|
842
|
41
|
|
|
843
|
|
|
|
844
|
The final published bus message should be MQTT-ready and minimal, for example:
|
|
|
845
|
|
|
|
846
|
Topic:
|
|
|
847
|
|
|
|
848
|
vad/home/balcon/illuminance/radar-south/value
|
|
|
849
|
|
|
|
850
|
Payload:
|
|
|
851
|
|
|
|
852
|
1315
|
|
|
853
|
|
|
|
854
|
It should NOT include diagnostic wrappers, mapping objects, or source payload copies.
|
|
|
855
|
|
|
|
856
|
If the same source is a smart plug, additional output may also be emitted on the `energy` bus:
|
|
|
857
|
|
|
|
858
|
Topic:
|
|
|
859
|
|
|
|
860
|
vad/energy/load/bedroom-heater/active_power/value
|
|
|
861
|
|
|
|
862
|
Payload:
|
|
|
863
|
|
|
|
864
|
126.8
|
|
|
865
|
|
|
|
866
|
---
|
|
|
867
|
|
|
|
868
|
This abstraction allows the rest of the system to operate independently of the device ecosystem and vendor protocols.
|